The nitroprusside reaction is a chemical test used to detect the presence of cysteine thiol groups in proteins. Proteins of the free thiol group give a red color when added to a sodium nitroprusside solution in aqueous ammonia. Some proteins are positive when denatured, suggesting that thiol groups are released. [59] [60] [61] Many Member States and the international community, in an effort to protect public health, have considered a wide range of legislative measures to take into account the dynamics of the NPS market, in particular the rapid emergence and attempts by manufacturers to circumvent the legislation. the diversity of the problem; and the scarcity of data to allow for a comprehensive damage assessment. This legal section of UNODC`s Early Warning Notice provides an overview of the legal status of NPS at the international level, as well as a wide range of legislative and/or regulatory measures adopted to date at the regional and national levels to address this challenge. The chemical reactions of sodium nitroprusside are mainly associated with the NO ligand. [48] For example, the addition of S2− ions to [Fe(CN)5(NO)]2− produces the color violet [Fe(CN)5(NOS)]4−-ion, which forms the basis of a sensitive test for S2− ions. A similar reaction also exists with OH− ions, which give [Fe(CN)5(NO2)]4−. [46] Roussin red salt (K2[Fe2S2(NO)4]) and black Roussin salt (NaFe4S3(NO)7) are related iron nitrosyl complexes.

The first was first prepared by treating nitroprusside with sulfur. [49] In this test, known as the Rothera test, methyl ketones (CH3C (= O)-) give a bright red color under alkaline conditions (see also iodoform test). Rothera`s test was originally used to detect ketonuria (a symptom of diabetes) in urine samples. This reaction is now used in the form of urine test strips (e.g. « Ketostix »). [58] However, copyright protection may apply to copyrighted images or third-party materials included in the publication. Please note that the written permission of copyright holders and/or other rights holders (e.g. rights of publicity and/or confidentiality) is required for distribution, reproduction or other use of the protected material beyond what is permitted by fair use or other legal exceptions. The responsibility for an independent legal assessment of an article and obtaining the necessary permissions ultimately rests with the people who wish to use the article.

You are responsible for determining whether your use of items in this collection is legal. You must obtain written permission from the copyright holders to copy, distribute, or otherwise use copyrighted material, except to the extent permitted by fair dealing or other legal exceptions. Some materials may be protected by international law. You may also need permission from the owners of other rights, such as publicity and/or privacy rights. Cyanide can be detoxified by reaction with a sulfur donor such as thiosulfate, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese. [27] In the absence of sufficient thiosulfate, cyanide ions can rapidly reach toxic levels. [27] Hydroxocobalamin may be administered to reduce the risk of nitroprusside-induced thiocyanate toxicity. [28] Sodium nitroprusside is also used for the detection of amines, including those found in illicit drugs. This compound is therefore used as a stain to indicate amines in thin-layer chromatography.

[63] Sodium nitroprusside is also used as a suspected test for the presence of common alkaloids (natural substances containing amines) in illicit substances. [64] The test, called the Simon test, is performed by adding 1 volume of sodium nitroprusside solution and acetaldehyde in deionized water to a suspect drug, followed by the addition of 2 volumes of an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. The test turns blue for some secondary amines. The most common secondary amines in forensic chemistry include 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, the main component of ecstasy) and phenethylamines such as methamphetamine. Sodium nitroprusside is also useful for identifying mercaptans (thiol groups) in the nitroprusside reaction. The nitroprusside reaction is used to identify ketones in urine tests. [56] Sodium nitroprusside reacted with acetone or creatine under basic conditions in 1882. Rothera refined this method by using ammonia instead of sodium or potassium hydroxide. The reaction was now specific for methyl ketones. The addition of ammonium salts (e.g.

ammonium sulphate) also improved the sensitivity of the test. [57] The legal module of the UN toolkit provides an in-depth review of different legislative approaches to synthetic drug control, thus contributing to an understanding of the key considerations of these approaches and their application in different national contexts.