A pre-trial motion requiring the court to prohibit the other party from presenting or even referring to evidence deemed so prejudicial that no action taken by the judge can prevent the jury from being unduly influenced. A court order preventing one or more named parties from acting. An injunction is often issued to allow for a finding of fact so that a judge can determine whether a permanent injunction is warranted. A request made as a result of a proceeding by a losing party on one or more issues, for a higher court to review the decision to determine whether it was correct. To make such a request is to « appeal » or « to appeal ». The one who appeals is called a « complainant »; The other party is the « appellant ». Jury selection process to interview potential jurors to determine their qualifications and determine a basis for challenge. The English master of chancery was the forerunner of today`s arbiter. In eighteenth-century England, the courts of the Chancery appointed special masters to help the firm manage its expanding jurisdiction. As a result, the master of the chancery assisted the chancellor only in such matters as the dissolution of marriage, trust matters, and financial accounting. The American courts have adopted the use of special masters or arbitrators inspired by the master of the English chancellery. An allegation in an indictment or information accusing an accused of a crime. An indictment or denunciation may contain allegations that the defendant committed more than one crime.

Each charge is called an indictment. An unsecured claim that is entitled to be paid before other unsecured claims that do not have priority. Priority refers to the order in which such unsecured claims are to be paid. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. Case law – The use of court decisions to determine how other laws (e.g., statutes) apply in a particular situation. For example, a trial court may use an earlier Supreme Court decision that presents similar problems. An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff.

A group of citizens who hear evidence presented by both parties in court and investigate disputed facts. The federal criminal jury is composed of 12 people. The civil juries of the Confederation are composed of at least six persons. Judges typically appoint an arbitrator to hear complex issues such as financial accounting, property privileges, or disputes over the valuation of the company. Many jurisdictions also have arbitrators who are appointed to hear certain special jurisdictional issues, such as family law, trust and probate proceedings, and pre-trial inquiry disputes. The parties to a claim may agree that a matter will be heard by an arbitrator. In some jurisdictions, the parties` consent to appoint an arbitrator to hear the case may result in the parties waiving any right to a jury trial. With respect to civil actions in « equity » and not in « law ». In English legal history, courts of « law » could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages).

A separate « fairness » tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in « legal cases, » but not in « fairness » cases. A colloquial term sometimes used to refer to a litigant. It is a corruption of the Latin expression « in propria persona ». A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally « follow precedents, » that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case.

The Sentencing Reform Act 1984 abolished probation in favour of a particular penal system, in which the level of punishment is determined by penal directives. Now, without the possibility of parole, the court-imposed jail sentence is the actual time the person spends in prison. REFEREE. A person to whom a dispute has been referred so that they can resolve it. His verdict is called a prize. Empty referee; Reference. In most jurisdictions, an arbitrator must be a lawyer. However, in some complex property or financial matters, a judge may appoint a person who is not a lawyer to lead litigation and make recommendations.

Reference usually refers to the hearing and resolution of issues raised in a civil action by a person appointed by the court for that purpose. A referral order, also known as a referral order, is the court order that appoints the arbitrator to hear and recommend action on the matters specified in the order. A set of rules and principles established by the United States Sentencing Commission that trial judges use to determine the sentence of a convicted accused. An agreement to refer disputes between two or more parties to specific arbitrators for decision and judgment. The people to whom these matters are referred are sometimes called arbitrators. voir dire – A procedure by which judges and lawyers select a small jury from among those empowered to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and willingness to decide the case solely on the basis of the evidence presented to the court. « See to say » is an expression that means « to tell the truth ». Bail – Security for the release of an accused or witness (usually in the form of money) to ensure their appearance on the agreed day and time.

1. To guide someone or draw attention to something.